What is defined as a numerical description of the outcome of an experiment?

A random variable is indeed a numerical description of the outcome of an experiment. In the context of probability and statistics, a random variable represents a quantity that can take on different values, each associated with a certain probability. This concept is fundamental in understanding how likely certain outcomes are in an experiment, whether it involves rolling dice, flipping coins, or conducting surveys.

By defining a random variable, we can mathematically analyze data, draw conclusions, and make predictions about the population or process being studied. It allows researchers to quantify the uncertainties associated with their experiments and formulate probabilistic models.

The other options refer to different concepts within statistical analysis and experimental design. A conditional variable is typically related to the condition under which data is analyzed, while dependent and independent variables pertain to the relationship between different factors in an experiment rather than focusing on the statistical nature of the outcomes themselves.