What is the relative frequency method used for in probability?

The relative frequency method in probability is used to estimate the likelihood of outcomes based on empirical data collected from observations or experiments. This method relies on analyzing the frequency of each outcome occurring in a given dataset and expressing this frequency as a proportion of the total observations. By doing so, it provides a realistic estimate of probabilities based on actual experience rather than theoretical assumptions or random guesses.

In this context, the correct approach involves using historical data to derive probabilities, which allows for a more accurate representation of the likelihood of events occurring in similar future situations. This method is particularly useful in areas such as statistics, quality control, and various applications in business, where decisions must be made based on past performance.

The other options do not align with the definition of the relative frequency method. For example, assigning probabilities without data lacks a foundation for accuracy, while relying solely on theoretical models may not reflect real-world behavior. Randomly assigning probabilities is not a systematic approach and does not involve analysis of any data, which diminishes its reliability. Therefore, option B accurately captures the essence of using the relative frequency method in probability.